47. Return Status


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The source or tag of a received message may not be known if wildcard values were used in the receive operation. Also, if multiple requests are completed by a single MPI function (see Section Multiple Completions ), a distinct error code may need to be returned for each request. The information is returned by the status argument of MPI_RECV. The type of status is MPI-defined. Status variables need to be explicitly allocated by the user, that is, they are not system objects.

In C, status is a structure that contains three fields named MPI_SOURCE, MPI_TAG, and MPI_ERROR; the structure may contain additional fields. Thus, status.MPI_SOURCE, status.MPI_TAG and status.MPI_ERROR contain the source, tag, and error code, respectively, of the received message.

In Fortran, status is an array of INTEGERs of size MPI_STATUS_SIZE. The constants MPI_SOURCE, MPI_TAG and MPI_ERROR are the indices of the entries that store the source, tag and error fields. Thus, status(MPI_SOURCE), status(MPI_TAG) and status(MPI_ERROR) contain, respectively, the source, tag and error code of the received message.

In C++, the status object is handled through the following methods: { int MPI::Status::Get_source() const (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
{ void MPI::Status::Set_source(int source) (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
{ int MPI::Status::Get_tag() const (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
{ void MPI::Status::Set_tag(int tag) (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
{ int MPI::Status::Get_error() const (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
{ void MPI::Status::Set_error(int error) (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
In general, message-passing calls do not modify the value of the error code field of status variables. This field may be updated only by the functions in Section Multiple Completions which return multiple statuses. The field is updated if and only if such function returns with an error code of MPI_ERR_IN_STATUS.


Rationale.

The error field in status is not needed for calls that return only one status, such as MPI_WAIT, since that would only duplicate the information returned by the function itself. The current design avoids the additional overhead of setting it, in such cases. The field is needed for calls that return multiple statuses, since each request may have had a different failure. ( End of rationale.)

The status argument also returns information on the length of the message received. However, this information is not directly available as a field of the status variable and a call to MPI_GET_COUNT is required to ``decode'' this information.

MPI_GET_COUNT(status, datatype, count)
IN statusreturn status of receive operation (Status)
IN datatypedatatype of each receive buffer entry (handle)
OUT countnumber of received entries (integer)

int MPI_Get_count(MPI_Status *status, MPI_Datatype datatype, int *count)

MPI_GET_COUNT(STATUS, DATATYPE, COUNT, IERROR)
INTEGER STATUS(MPI_STATUS_SIZE), DATATYPE, COUNT, IERROR
{ int MPI::Status::Get_count(const MPI::Datatype& datatype) const (binding deprecated, see Section Deprecated since MPI-2.2 ) }
Returns the number of entries received. (Again, we count entries, each of type datatype, not bytes.) The datatype argument should match the argument provided by the receive call that set the status variable. (We shall later see, in Section Use of General Datatypes in Communication , that MPI_GET_COUNT may return, in certain situations, the value MPI_UNDEFINED.)


Rationale.

Some message-passing libraries use INOUT count, tag and source arguments, thus using them both to specify the selection criteria for incoming messages and return the actual envelope values of the received message. The use of a separate status argument prevents errors that are often attached with INOUT argument (e.g., using the MPI_ANY_TAG constant as the tag in a receive). Some libraries use calls that refer implicitly to the ``last message received.'' This is not thread safe.

The datatype argument is passed to MPI_GET_COUNT so as to improve performance. A message might be received without counting the number of elements it contains, and the count value is often not needed. Also, this allows the same function to be used after a call to MPI_PROBE or MPI_IPROBE. With a status from MPI_PROBE or MPI_IPROBE, the same datatypes are allowed as in a call to MPI_RECV to receive this message. ( End of rationale.)
The value returned as the count argument of MPI_GET_COUNT for a datatype of length zero where zero bytes have been transferred is zero. If the number of bytes transfered is greater than zero, MPI_UNDEFINED is returned.


Rationale.

Zero-length datatypes may be created in a number of cases. An important case is MPI_TYPE_CREATE_DARRAY, where the definition of the particular darray results in an empty block on some MPI process. Programs written in an SPMD style will not check for this special case and may want to use MPI_GET_COUNT to check the status. ( End of rationale.)

Advice to users.

The buffer size required for the receive can be affected by data conversions and by the stride of the receive datatype. In most cases, the safest approach is to use the same datatype with MPI_GET_COUNT and the receive. ( End of advice to users.)
All send and receive operations use the buf, count, datatype, source, dest, tag, comm and status arguments in the same way as the blocking MPI_SEND and MPI_RECV operations described in this section.



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